For each of these events, a brief description, followed by public health measures implemented and an interpretation of the situation is provided. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. We take a look at the apocalyptic war that rages in the body after an infection by. Severe headache muscle pain weakness diarrhea vomiting abdominal stomach pain lack of appetite unusual bleeding symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to a person with ebola, although 810 days is most common. The full set of ebola symptoms images are available as a download here. Maladie a virus ebola causes, symptomes, traitement, diagnostic. Between 6 and 22 june 1995, 8 patients in kikwit, democratic republic of the congo, who met the case definition used in kikwit for ebola ebo hemorrhagic fever, were transfused with blood donated by 5 convalescent patients. Its called swine flu because in the past, the people who caught it had direct contact with pigs. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death. Persontoperson transmission of lassa, ebola, marburg and cchf.
Recognizing early signs of ebola virus disease evd, finding and screening suspected patients and providing early rehydration treatments are measures that healthcare workers can take to help people survive evd. Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. A table is provided at the end of the bulletin with information on all new and. The incubation period the period between contact with the virus and the appearance of symptoms ranges from 2 to 21 days. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of the most lifethreatening viral infections. The ebola virus disease outbreak in zaire yambuku started in late 1976, and was the second outbreak ever after the earlier one in sudan the same year. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that. Ebola virus disease outbreak in isiro, democratic republic of. Congolese medical staff responded and ruled out the provisional. There are millions of viruses all over the world, and they exist in pretty much every ecosystem on earth. Nov 06, 2014 what does the ebola virus actually do in your body.
Ebola virus disease in democratic republic of the congo cholera in zambia chikungunya in congo. Ebola virus and marburg virus symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera. Ce document est disponible integralement en format electronique pdf sur le site. Hemorrhagic means that the victim will bleed a lot, inside and outside their body. Although wellknown for its lethality, ebola severity is variable at the individual level. The diagnosis of ebola zaire virus infection must be made based on history, signs, symptoms, exposure likelihood, and other laboratory evidence in addition to the identification of the ebola zaire. The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. Pdf current trends in the management of ebola virus disease. Humans initially contract an infection with a haemorrhagic fever virus through exposure to rodents or insects for ebola and marburg vhfs, the natural reservoir is unknown. Ebola virus disease evd is an infectious disease that is spread through humans when blood or bodily fluids urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen from a person infected with ebola come into direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes such as eyes, nose, or mouth with another. If you have traveled to countries with active ebola outbreaks within the last 3 weeks, and develop symptoms that include fever greater than 101. The ebola symptombased risk esr score, consisting of 6 symptoms conjunctivitis, diarrhea, nauseavomiting, headache, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, performed well in internal validation, but. Ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the.
Ebola ebola virus disease ebola ebola virus disease fact sheet. Sawbo scientific animations without borders recommended for you. Valley fever, marburg and ebola haemorrhagic fevers, crimeancongo haemorrhagic fever cchf and yellow fever. As the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body. Frequently, other signs or symptoms approximately 5 days after the initial symptoms. Fievre hemorra gique a virus ebola fiche technique. The western african ebola virus epidemic 202016 was the most widespread outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in historycausing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in guinea, liberia and sierra leone. A virus, such as ebola, is a microscopic organism that can reproduce without any sort of host and then infiltrate all types of organisms animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi and viruses are everywhere.
May 23, 2017 ebola is considered a zoonotic virus, meaning that it originated in animals and then spread to humans. It belongs to the family filoviridae and is responsible for a severe disease characterized by the sudden onset of hemorrhagic fever accompanied by other non specific signs and symptoms. This has to be done in a way that is safe for the healthcare worker and respects the patient. The number of confirmed cases of ebola virus disease evd has been relatively low in recent weeks, with 15 new confirmed cases reported in north kivu and ituri provinces during the. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Mar 03, 2020 in patients who have ebola virus infection, 2 types of exposure history are recognized. Treatment of ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions.
Aug 06, 2015 zaire ebolavirus ebov, the virus responsible for the 2014 ebola outbreak in west africa, causes a deadly haemorrhagic disease in humans with case fatality rates ranging from 60%88%. This fact sheet sets out the recommendations of the comite sur les infections nosocomiales du quebec cinq2 for ebola virus disease prevention and control measures for quebec hospitals. Describe signs, symptoms, and transmission of ebola disease. Ebola virus disease has a fatality rate of 50% to 90%. Ebola virus simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Democratic republic of congo the ebola outbreak in the democratic republic of congo drc that began in august 2018 has eluded international containment efforts and posed significant challenges to local and international policymakers. Describe main public health concern during an ebola disease outbreak. Discovery and description of ebola zaire virus in 1976 and.
Sudden disease onset consistent with a nonspecific flulike syndrome. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease caused by ebola virus a member of the filoviridae family or filoviruses that results in nonspecific symptoms see symptom section of this article early in the disease and often causes internal and external hemorrhage bleeding as the disease progresses. Ebola virus vaccine, causes, symptoms, treatment, contagious. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. Why is it so dangerous and why does it kill so many people. This list of ebola outbreaks records the known occurrences of ebola virus disease, a highly infectious and acutely lethal viral disease that has afflicted humans and animals primarily in equatorial africa. Symptombased ebola risk score for ebola virus disease. Discovery of ebola zaire virus, ebola virus disease, ebola in 1976 and 202016 in late august 1976, patients with a hemorrhagic fever syndrome presented to the rural yambuku mission hospital ymh in northwest democratic republic of the congo drc. Dec 31, 2018 ebola virus is transmitted by contact with blood, feces, or body fluids from an infected person or by direct contact with the virus, as in a laboratory.
Ebola virus disease democratic republic of the congo. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Persistance du virus les patients sont infectes par. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. A history of primary exposure usually involves travel to or work in an ebolaendemic area, such as the democratic republic of congo drc. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms.